Cement and process for making the same.



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COATING oa LAsnc. Ww-FOUs EARTH L. E T a/ uqqm ed ma ag" UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

i EDWARD DURYEE, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

CEMENT AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE SAME.

1,082,684. Specification of Letters Patent Patented Dec. 30, 1913. No Drawing. Application filed November 8, 1910. Serial No. 591,372.

To all whom it may concern st-ituent, I may use ordinary Portland Be it known that I, EDWARD DURYEE, a cement or natural cement, Portland cement citizen of the United States, residing at Los clinker, or calcined natural cement rock, and Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and m be understood that the term Port- 60 State of California, have invented a new land cement, or hydraulic cement, as and useful Cement and Process for Making herein used, includes the other stated cement I the Same, of which the following is a speciproducts as equivalents for the purpose of 5 fication. this invention.

The main object of the invention is to The strength and impermeability of my 55 l produce a hydraulic cement which when used improved hydraulic cement will depend i with sand in the usual proportions will proupon the proportions of diatomaceous earth duce a mortar of greater strength and of and hydraulic cement and fineness of grindgreater increase of strength with age than ing. In my experience, I have found that is possible with the usual Portland cement. the use of from ten to fifty per cent. of dia- 70 A further object of the invention is to protomaceous earth in thfiottilfproduct gives vide a relatively strong cement of comparasatisfactory resi1lt s,'acco1'di11g to the snare; tively low cost. of the product desired. Such percentages of Another object of the invention is to prodiatomaceous earth will render the cementvide a cement capable of forming a mortar water Jroof and will make the resulting 75 especially adapted to resist the action of seaproduct with sand mortar stronger than if water, sewage or other corrosive agents. the ordinary Portland cement or hydraulic Another object of the invention is to procement were used without the diatomaceous vide a cement capable of forming a mortar earth. A small )ro aortic-n of drv hvdrate which will be waterproof and impervious. lime mav be added to the mixture 7 Another object of the invention is to progrin mg, v rated lime vide a cement capable of producing a mortar is not essential. r

which will be free from efliorescence. mufacture of a standard hy- A further object of the invention will be draulic cement for ordinary purposes, I may to provide a cement capable of forming a W: Diat-omaceous earth and 5 mortar which will be resistant to high temortland cement are mixed in "W- peratpre and will be effective as heat insulaportions and are ground together in any tion. su1 a e grindingmill iftadrycondition My lnvention is based on the use of mto a sultable condltion of fineness. I have fusorlal dlatomaceous earth 1% found that a fineness, such that approxl- 8 s 111 com ination with mately W will pass through "79 6 rdmar T cement. such as Portland cement, a screen con ainmg tw q hupdnedmeshgs J an consis s (m ge mflus ria on. to the lineal inch, gives satisfactory results. diatomaceous ear I y th the cementin such This fine grinding or grinding to a state of 5 summertime the two are brought in intimate extremely fine division is necessary in order 40 contact and in such finely divided condition to produce the intimate contact of the parthat whegn mjxej ithlhe nsual uantitiesgf ticles of the hydraulic cement and diatomas ,an water reactions an com mations ceous earth which is required to effect the W1 take place, changing the chemical nacomplete combination on contact of water. ture of the product. The invention is, there- With the materials ground together in this 00 45 fore, distinguished from a mere admigrture manner and mpig e d with sand in the same of the diatomaceous earth 'wit-l thelhrtland proportions as w1 1 c ear or and cement, cement, in that the two materials are brought the resulting is stronger than the Tn'tfosuch effective contact that the c emical clear Portlan cement and sand mortar. gas arasite his ic al "attire t e r0 not would have been and, in addition, has the 106 an es. more important advantage of being more %ITfi.' Paci fig coast States abound in deimpermeable and proof against the action pgsits of diatomaceoils" earth 'rb'rmingan of seawater, sewage and alkali water. The a undant and cheap supply of raw material, resulting mortar differs from the mortar so that inthose States the use of the diawith clear Portland cement and sand both 110 tomaceous earth results in large reduction of in physical and chemical properties. 01'- I the cost of cement. For the cement condinary hydraulic cement is basic in charv TH PORTLAND C NT Talvgurkauzf THE acter and the addition of the highly silicious diatomaceous earth gives a preponderant acidic character to the cement rendering the mortar more proof against the action of acid-corrosive agents, such as sewage, the silica of the diatoinaceous earth c o mbining with the lime set free in the cement the settingfiii iitionf with the result that the li me isfixed'in insoluble hydrated mono l0 silicate oflime. The colloidal nature of the diatomaceous earth and the fine grinding of the earth and of the cement by the regrinding operation and the intimate contact between the finely divided particles of diatomaceous earth and cement produced by the rubbing of them together in the grinding operation results in the presentation of the diatomaceous earth to the hydraulic cement in such manner that upon contact with water, there is a maximum tendency to chemical combination and to binding of the surfaces together. The highly colloidal natpre of the Q diatomaceous ear 1s 0 importance 1n t 1s connection. narticulaflv 1n the filling of the 2 ior s of the mortar, but it 1s 5 be noted that the grinding of the earth together with the hydraulic cement is necessary to bring out the benefit of the colloidal nature as the action is essentially one of contact and it is essential that the contact of the acidic diatomaceous earth and basic hydraulic cement should be extended over as large a surface as possible. In fact the addition of the diatomaceous earth without grinding together with the cement is not found to produce the strengthening results attained by regrinding, and this would naturally result from the friability of 'the diatomaceous earth, for the reason that wherever such 40 earth is not in contact with the hydraulic cement it will retain its natural friability and weakness and will impart these qualities to the mortar. I

When it is desired to increase the hydraulicity of the cement h drated lime, in the proportions of, say, ten peiTiEiitTTfiIess of the finished roduct, is added to the diatomaceous eart i and hydraulic cement and ground therewith. The addition of the diatomaceous earth to the cement renders 60 the product acidic in character, and the hydrated lime reacts with the excess of silica when ground therewith and subsequently brought in contact with water.

\Vhereas Portland cement is a solid solution or gangueof lime silicates and aluminates, this improved cement is a solid solution in which the active silica is largely increased.

'hat I claim is:

1. The process of making cement which consists in finely grinding hydraulic cement with natural colloidal silica to reduce the said cement and diatomaceous earth to a finer state of division and to bring the finely divided particles thereof into intimate contact with one another.

2. The process of making cement which consists in finely grinding hydraulic cement with natural colloidal silica in approxi-Z mately equal proportions.

3. The process of making cement which consists in finely grinding hydraulic cement with natural colloidal silica and hydrated lime.

a. The process which consists in finely grinding with ordinary basic hydraulic cement a suflicient quantity of silica in active form to convert the cement into an acidic cement.

5. A cement composed of natural colloidal silica compound finely ground with hydraulic cement.

6. A cement composed ofnatural colloidal silica finely ground with hydraulic cement and hydrated lime.

7. The process of making cement which consists in grinding hydraulic cement With natural colloidal silica and hydrated lime to such a fineness that approximately ninety per cent. (90%) will pass through a screen of 200 meshes to the lineal inch.

October 22, 1910.

EDWARD DURYEE.

Attest:

MILLARD STRYKER, R. B. KEESE.

Oopiu of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

